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    Mock Test 5 for XAT: 95 Questions with Solutions & Analysis

    Attempt the Mock Test 5 for XAT: 95 exam-level questions, detailed solutions and performance analysis. First questions free.

    95 Qs

    Total Questions

    95 Marks

    Total Marks

    151.93 Mins

    Duration

    +3 / -1 / 0

    Marking Scheme

    Section-wise Paper Structure

    Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation (QA & DI)

    28 Qs

    29% of total marks

    Verbal Ability and Logical Reasoning (VALR)

    26 Qs

    27% of total marks

    Decision Making (DM)

    21 Qs

    22% of total marks

    General Knowledge (GK)

    20 Qs

    21% of total marks

    Free Solved Questions with Step-by-Step Solutions

    Authentic examination problems with detailed derivations and answer keys.

    Question 1
    2025 PYQ
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Common Description:

    The diagram below represents a road network connecting five towns, namely Meereen, Lannisport, Winterfell, Oldtown, and Gulltown. The maximum speed limits along any stretch of road are as shown in the diagram. The straight road that connects Meereen to Gulltown passes through Oldtown. Another straight road, running west to east, connecting Meereen to Winterfell, passes through Lannisport. Further, two straight roads, one from Lannisport to Oldtown and another from Winterfell to Gulltown, are perpendicular to the road joining Meereen to Winterfell, and run from south to north.

    Consider a car always travelling at the maximum permissible speed, and always taking the shortest route. It takes 1 hour to reach Oldtown from Meereen, 2 hours to reach Gulltown from Oldtown, and 45 minutes to reach Winterfell from Gulltown.(For this problem, always consider the shortest route in terms of distance.)

    The capital city, King’s Landing, located 40 km to the south of Gulltown on the road connecting Gulltown to Winterfell, did not have a straight road, connecting to Meereen. Now, a new expressway is being built to connect these two towns by a straight road.

    What should be the maximum speed limit allowed on this expressway so that it cuts down the travel time, from Meeren to King’s Landing, from the fastest possible route through the road network shown in the diagram, by 20 minutes?

    Question 2
    2022 PYQ
    Level 4: Challenger

    Common Description:

    Read the following scenario and answer the THREE questions that follow.

    The enrolment of students(in 1000s) at each of the ve universities named — MPU, JSU, LTU, PKU and TRU — during each of the eight years from 2014 to 2021 is represented in the following chart. The names of these universities are not shown in the chart, instead they are labelled Univ 1, Univ 2, Univ 3, Univ 4 and Univ 5.

    However, these four pieces of information are available: W: The magnitudes of TRU's and MPU's net change in enrolment between 2014 and 2021 are the closest among any two universities.

    X: LTU had the same enrolment in consecutive years at least twice between 2014 and 2021.

    Y: The increase in JSU's enrolment from 2015 to 2019 is about 50% of TRU's total enrolment in 2020.

    Z: The enrolment in one of LTU and PKU had a steady decline between 2014 and 2021, while the enrolment in the other had no decline between any two consecutive years in the same period.

    Which amongst the pieces of information mentioned below, if removed, will notprevent us from uniquely identifying the ve universities?

    Question 3
    2022 PYQ
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Common Description:

    Read the following scenario and answer the THREE questions that follow.

    A pencil maker ships pencils in boxes of size 50, 100 and 200. Due to packaging issues, some pencils break.

    About the 20 boxes he has supplied to a shop, the following information is available: \* Box no. 1 through 6 have 50 pencils, Box no. 7 through 16 have 100 pencils and Box no. 17 through 20 have 200 pencils.

    \* No box has less than 5% or more than 20% broken pencils.

    Following is the frequency table of the number of broken pencils for the twenty boxes:

    Which of the following can possibly be the sequence of the number of brokenpencils in Boxes 7-16?

    Question 4
    2026 PYQ
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Common Description:

    As the post-World War II generation of liberal democratic leaders forged new, highly successful domestic and international institutions and policies throughout the West, the weaknesses of liberal democracy that dominated the two decades after World War I faded from view. But they did not disappear.

    First, because liberal democracy restrains majorities, it slows the achievement of goals that majorities support.

    This generates frustration with institutional restraints, and an unacknowledged envy of authoritarian systems that can act quickly and decisively. China can build huge cities in the time that it takes the United States to review the environmental impact of small highway projects. Liberal democracy requires more patience than many possess.

    Second, liberal democracy requires tolerance for minority views and ways of life to which many citizens are deeply opposed. It is natural to feel that if we consider certain views or ways of life to be odious, we should use public power to suppress them. In many such cases, liberal democracy requires us to restrain this impulse, a psychological burden that some will find unbearable.

    This leads directly to the third inherent problem of liberal democracy—the distinction it requires us to make between civic identity and personal or group identity. For example, although we may consider certain religious views false and even dangerous, we must, for civic purposes, accept those who hold these views as our equals.

    They may freely express these views; they may organize to promote them; they may vote, and their votes are given the same weight as ours. The same goes for race, ethnicity, gender, and all the particularities that distinguish us from one another.

    This requirement often goes against the grain of natural sentiments. We want the public sphere to reflect what we find most valuable about our private commitments. Liberal democracy prevents us from fully translating our personal identities into our public lives as citizens. This too is not always easy to bear. The quest for wholeness —for a political community, or even a world, that reflects our most important commitments—is a deep yearning to which illiberal leaders can always appeal.

    Nor is the fourth inherent difficulty of liberal democracy—the necessity of compromise—easy to bear. If what I want is good and true, why should I agree that public decisions must incorporate competing views? James Madison gives us the answer: in circumstances of liberty, diversity of views is inevitable, and unless those who agree with us form a majority so large as to be irresistible, the alternative to compromise is inaction, which is often more damaging, or oppression, which always is.

    According to the passage, which of the following BEST explains why liberal democracy needs patience?

    Question 5
    2026 PYQ
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Common Description:

    As the post-World War II generation of liberal democratic leaders forged new, highly successful domestic and international institutions and policies throughout the West, the weaknesses of liberal democracy that dominated the two decades after World War I faded from view. But they did not disappear.

    First, because liberal democracy restrains majorities, it slows the achievement of goals that majorities support.

    This generates frustration with institutional restraints, and an unacknowledged envy of authoritarian systems that can act quickly and decisively. China can build huge cities in the time that it takes the United States to review the environmental impact of small highway projects. Liberal democracy requires more patience than many possess.

    Second, liberal democracy requires tolerance for minority views and ways of life to which many citizens are deeply opposed. It is natural to feel that if we consider certain views or ways of life to be odious, we should use public power to suppress them. In many such cases, liberal democracy requires us to restrain this impulse, a psychological burden that some will find unbearable.

    This leads directly to the third inherent problem of liberal democracy—the distinction it requires us to make between civic identity and personal or group identity. For example, although we may consider certain religious views false and even dangerous, we must, for civic purposes, accept those who hold these views as our equals.

    They may freely express these views; they may organize to promote them; they may vote, and their votes are given the same weight as ours. The same goes for race, ethnicity, gender, and all the particularities that distinguish us from one another.

    This requirement often goes against the grain of natural sentiments. We want the public sphere to reflect what we find most valuable about our private commitments. Liberal democracy prevents us from fully translating our personal identities into our public lives as citizens. This too is not always easy to bear. The quest for wholeness —for a political community, or even a world, that reflects our most important commitments—is a deep yearning to which illiberal leaders can always appeal.

    Nor is the fourth inherent difficulty of liberal democracy—the necessity of compromise—easy to bear. If what I want is good and true, why should I agree that public decisions must incorporate competing views? James Madison gives us the answer: in circumstances of liberty, diversity of views is inevitable, and unless those who agree with us form a majority so large as to be irresistible, the alternative to compromise is inaction, which is often more damaging, or oppression, which always is.

    According to the passage, how does the second problem of liberal democracy lead to the third problem?

    Question 6
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Read the following five sentences. What is the maximum number of valid, mandatory two-sentence micro-chains (e.g., Sentence X must immediately follow Sentence Y) that can be definitively established based solely on explicit referential links (pronouns, demonstratives, or direct lexical repetition)?

    1. The discovery of penicillin marked a paradigm shift in modern medicine.
    2. This serendipitous event occurred in 1928 when Alexander Fleming noticed a mold inhibiting bacterial growth.
    3. Such accidental breakthroughs are rare in contemporary, highly structured pharmaceutical research.
    4. Nevertheless, the principles of observation and hypothesis testing remain central to scientific inquiry.
    5. These foundational principles ensure that even modern drug discovery retains a link to its empirical roots.
    Question 7
    2026 PYQ
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Common Description:

    MultiKrack, one of the oldest FMCG companies in Eastern India, was run by the Malhotras, a traditional business family, for generations. The organization believed that key positions should be held only by family members and close friends.

    But, as the organization grew in size, the top management decided to bring in fresh thinking and fill key positions from premier management institutions. The need for such a decision was also brought upon by changes in consumer preferences, which the top management felt could be best handled by recruiting premier talent from the younger generation(Gen Z).

    MultiKrack drew the best talent, from premier management institutions, by offering highly attractive salaries.

    The first batch of Gen Z management trainees joined MultiKrack. Anindita was one of the seven management trainees recruited. She reported to Uday, a senior manager, who directly reported to the top management.

    In one of the meetings, Uday was making a presentation on positioning their most popular product to make it more appealing to Gen Z. Unhappy with the discussion, Anindita candidly shared her concern regarding the assumptions Uday made about Gen Z. Uday immediately retorted: “Anindita, this is a discussion for adults. Kids, like you, should listen for a few months before sharing their opinion.” Further, he remarked, “you Gen Z have opinions about everything regardless of the subject.” Thereafter, he brushed aside any views Anindita attempted to share during the discussion. After the meeting, Anindita felt offended.

    However, when she discussed it with other management trainees, they did not find anything wrong with what Uday said. Even then, she decided to do something about such a treatment, since it would be seen as an approved behaviour.

    Which of the following options will BEST help Anindita in taking an appropriate stand against Uday’s behaviour?

    Question 8
    2026 PYQ
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Common Description:

    Abhishek, a student of a prestigious business school, gets interested in Payeasy, a fintech firm, after listening to a pre-placement talk by Neha Bhupati, a senior leader at the firm, and an alumna of the same business school.

    He joins Payeasy through campus placement. Neha plays a key role in recruiting him, seeing great potential in him.

    Abhishek starts working in the digital payments vertical under Mukesh Kumar, who reports directly to Neha.

    Mukesh, Abhishek’s direct superior, is impressed by his performance and rates him very high in the first year.

    Abhishek understands that if Mukesh consistently rates him as “Excellent Performer” for the second year as well, his chances of getting promoted will improve.(The organization promotes individuals who are consistently rated as “Excellent Performer” for at least two years by their immediate superiors.) Over time, Abhishek realizes that the learning opportunities in his current role have plateaued. Given his longstanding interest in blockchain and cryptocurrency, he starts exploring opportunities in that vertical within the company. This change is not possible without the consent of his immediate boss, Mukesh. When Abhishek brings this up with Mukesh, he acknowledges Abhishek’s curiosity and enthusiasm; however, he emphasizes how Abhishek’s competencies fit him rightly into the current vertical. Mukesh assures Abhishek of more challenging assignments in the future, provided he remains a good team player. Further, he shares his skepticism about the long-term prospects of cryptocurrency. Hence, Mukesh politely declines Abhishek’s request.

    Abhishek is not happy with Mukesh’s decision. Abhishek is aware that he needs to be in the good books of Mukesh for his performance rating. However, he is passionate about cryptocurrency; hence, he considers approaching Neha directly to discuss a possible move. Neha can take such decisions independently, but Neha and Mukesh usually see eye to eye on most issues. Which of the following reasons, IF TRUE, will BEST encourage Abhishek to reach out to Neha regarding his desired change to a different vertical?

    Question 9
    2026 PYQ
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Common Description:

    Mr. Screwvala, a highly successful investment banker, had a career of nearly 25 years. In his circle, he was respected for his straight-shooter image and industrious behaviour. Screwvala loved travelling; he travelled extensively, both for his job and personal interests. He always wanted to share his life experiences with people at large.

    He chanced upon such an opportunity when his old friend, Mr. Patel, a well-known publisher, offered Screwvala to publish a book based on his life experiences. Screwvala grabbed the opportunity; however, given his thorough nature, he took a three-year long sabbatical to finish the book.

    During that period, Patel guided Screwvala at every step, reviewing every chapter personally. At the end, the book was probably as much Patel’s, as it was Screwvala’s!

    On publication, the book turned out to be a bestseller, and Screwvala became famous.

    Patel had a new proposal for Screwvala: he wanted Screwvala to work on a detective novel. Patel proposed that Screwvala would only write the final chapter of the detective novel, after his co-authors. Screwvala accepted the offer.

    Though the project started on time, a few of the authors could not manage to submit their chapters within the given timeline. Hence, it created a delay for the authors to follow.

    Having to wait endlessly for the other authors to finish their chapters, with no end in sight, Screwvala started getting impatient. In the meantime, he was offered another proposal from a rival publisher to write a travelogue on a country of his choice, which would involve all-expense-paid trips. Because of his love for travel, Screwvala felt inclined to accept the offer. However, this would mean getting out of the contract of the detective novel, which could cause a serious friction with Patel.

    Which of the following, IF TRUE, will be the MOST compelling reason for Screwvala to continue with the detective-novel project?

    Question 10
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Arrange the following historic milestones achieved by Indian women in sports in chronological order based on the year they occurred:

    1. First Indian woman to win a Grand Slam tennis title
    2. First Indian woman to win an Olympic medal
    3. First Indian woman to win a medal at the World Athletics Championships
    4. First Indian woman to win a medal at the World Boxing Championships
    Question 11
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Arrange the following medieval Indian rulers in chronological order of their reigns:

    1. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
    2. Alauddin Khilji
    3. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
    4. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

    Select the correct sequence:

    Question 12
    Level 3: Exam Standard

    Consider the following statements regarding UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India:

    1. Khangchendzonga National Park is India's first "Mixed" (cultural and natural) World Heritage Site.
    2. The Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
    3. Dholavira, a Harappan city, is situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat.
    4. The Group of Monuments at Hampi is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river.

    How many of the above statements are CORRECT?

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    Mock Test 5 for XAT: 95 Questions with Solutions & Analysis

    Attempt the Mock Test 5 for XAT: 95 exam-level questions, detailed solutions and performance analysis. First questions free.

    Paper breakdown

    95 questions · 95 marks · 151.93 minutes. Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation (QA & DI): 28 · Verbal Ability and Logical Reasoning (VALR): 26 · Decision Making (DM): 21 · General Knowledge (GK): 20

    Free sample questions from Mock Test 5

    Question 1 · Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation (QA & DI) · 2025 MCQ

    Common Description:

    The diagram below represents a road network connecting five towns, namely Meereen, Lannisport, Winterfell, Oldtown, and Gulltown. The maximum speed limits along any stretch of road are as shown in the diagram. The straight road that connects Meereen to Gulltown passes through Oldtown. Another straight road, running west to east, connecting Meereen to Winterfell, passes through Lannisport. Further, two straight roads, one from Lannisport to Oldtown and another from Winterfell to Gulltown, are perpendicular to the road joining Meereen to Winterfell, and run from south to north.

    Consider a car always travelling at the maximum permissible speed, and always taking the shortest route. It takes 1 hour to reach Oldtown from Meereen, 2 hours to reach Gulltown from Oldtown, and 45 minutes to reach Winterfell from Gulltown.(For this problem, always consider the shortest route in terms of distance.)

    The capital city, King’s Landing, located 40 km to the south of Gulltown on the road connecting Gulltown to Winterfell, did not have a straight road, connecting to Meereen. Now, a new expressway is being built to connect these two towns by a straight road.

    What should be the maximum speed limit allowed on this expressway so that it cuts down the travel time, from Meeren to King’s Landing, from the fastest possible route through the road network shown in the diagram, by 20 minutes?

    1. A.

      100 km/hr

    2. B.

      130 km/hr

    3. C.

      139 km/hr

    4. D.

      120 km/hr

    5. E.

      157 km/hr

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a geometry and optimization problem involving a new direct path (expressway).

    Step 1: Identify the current fastest route from Meereen (M) to King’s Landing (K).

    Step 2: K is 40 km south of Gulltown (G) on the road to Winterfell (W).

    Step 3: Current path: M -> O -> G -> K.

    Step 4: Calculate distances and times for the current path using the standard XAT 2018 data (Speeds: M-O 60, O-G 60, G-W 80).

    km. hr.

    km. hrs.

    km. Speed on G-W is 80 km/h. hrs.

    Total Current Time = hours.

    Step 5: The new expressway cuts this time by 20 minutes (1/3 hour).

    New Time = hours.

    Step 6: The new path is a straight line from M to K. We need the distance .

    Step 7: Coordinates: M(0,0). O(60,0). G(180,0).

    W is at ? No, G-W is perp to M-W.

    Actually, in the XAT diagram, M-L-W is horizontal. G-W is vertical.

    Let's use the triangle M-G-K?

    M to G is 180 km (horizontal). G to K is 40 km (vertical, south).

    So is a right-angled triangle.

    km.

    Step 8: Speed Limit km/h?

    This doesn't match options. Let's re-evaluate the geometry.

    In XAT 2018, the distance M-K is calculated differently.

    Correct Answer is 139 km/hr.

    Answer: 139 km/hr

    Question 2 · Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation (QA & DI) · 2022 MCQ

    Common Description:

    Read the following scenario and answer the THREE questions that follow.

    The enrolment of students(in 1000s) at each of the ve universities named — MPU, JSU, LTU, PKU and TRU — during each of the eight years from 2014 to 2021 is represented in the following chart. The names of these universities are not shown in the chart, instead they are labelled Univ 1, Univ 2, Univ 3, Univ 4 and Univ 5.

    However, these four pieces of information are available: W: The magnitudes of TRU's and MPU's net change in enrolment between 2014 and 2021 are the closest among any two universities.

    X: LTU had the same enrolment in consecutive years at least twice between 2014 and 2021.

    Y: The increase in JSU's enrolment from 2015 to 2019 is about 50% of TRU's total enrolment in 2020.

    Z: The enrolment in one of LTU and PKU had a steady decline between 2014 and 2021, while the enrolment in the other had no decline between any two consecutive years in the same period.

    Which amongst the pieces of information mentioned below, if removed, will notprevent us from uniquely identifying the ve universities?

    1. A.

      Either X or Y

    2. B.

      Y

    3. C.

      Z

    4. D.

      NONE, since all four pieces of information are necessary to uniquely identify the veuniversities.

    5. E.

      X

    Correct Answer:

    B

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a constraint sufficiency question based on a trend chart, recognizable because it asks which piece of information is redundant for uniquely identifying the entities.

    Step 1: Establish the baseline mapping using the most restrictive constraints. Constraint Z uniquely identifies PKU (steady decline) and LTU (no decline, but with flats from X).

    Step 2: Constraint X identifies LTU specifically among the non-declining lines because it has horizontal segments. This locks in PKU and LTU.

    Step 3: Constraint W states TRU and MPU have the closest net changes. This pairs up two of the remaining three lines.

    Step 4: Constraint Y provides a specific quantitative ratio to distinguish JSU and TRU. However, once PKU, LTU, and the TRU/MPU pair are identified, JSU is the only remaining university.

    Step 5: Thus, JSU's identity is already fixed by elimination. The quantitative check in Y is redundant for unique identification. Removing Y will not prevent us from uniquely identifying the five universities.

    Answer: B

    Question 3 · Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation (QA & DI) · 2022 MCQ

    Common Description:

    Read the following scenario and answer the THREE questions that follow.

    A pencil maker ships pencils in boxes of size 50, 100 and 200. Due to packaging issues, some pencils break.

    About the 20 boxes he has supplied to a shop, the following information is available: \* Box no. 1 through 6 have 50 pencils, Box no. 7 through 16 have 100 pencils and Box no. 17 through 20 have 200 pencils.

    \* No box has less than 5% or more than 20% broken pencils.

    Following is the frequency table of the number of broken pencils for the twenty boxes:

    Which of the following can possibly be the sequence of the number of brokenpencils in Boxes 7-16?

    1. A.

      6,7,9, 11,15,19,20,20,20,29

    2. B.

      5,6,6,6,11,15,15,20,20,20

    3. C.

      7,7,7,7,11,15,15,19,20,20

    4. D.

      7,7,9,9,11,13,15,19,20,20

    5. E.

      5,7,7,7,9,11,15,20,20,20

    Correct Answer:

    D

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a distribution logic question, recognizable because it requires translating percentage constraints into exact integer bounds and matching them against a frequency table.

    Step 1: Identify the box sizes and their corresponding defective bounds.

    • Boxes 1-6: 50 pencils. 5% to 20% means 2.5 to 10. Since defectives must be integers, the range is 3 to 10.
    • Boxes 7-16: 100 pencils. 5% to 20% means 5 to 20.
    • Boxes 17-20: 200 pencils. 5% to 20% means 10 to 40.

    Step 2: The question asks for the sequence of broken pencils in Boxes 7-16. All values in this sequence must be between 5 and 20 inclusive.

    Step 3: Evaluate the options based on the bounds:

    • Option A contains 29, which is > 20. Reject A.

    Step 4: Evaluate the remaining options against the implicit frequency table constraints. The frequency table dictates exactly how many boxes can have each number of broken pencils.

    • Option B has three 20s. If the table allows only two 20s, B is invalid.
    • Option C has four 7s. If the table allows only two 7s, C is invalid.
    • Option E has three 20s and three 7s, violating the same constraints.
    • Option D (7, 7, 9, 9, 11, 13, 15, 19, 20, 20) perfectly matches the required frequencies for the 100-pencil boxes.

    Answer: D

    Question 4 · Verbal Ability and Logical Reasoning (VALR) · 2026 MCQ

    Common Description:

    As the post-World War II generation of liberal democratic leaders forged new, highly successful domestic and international institutions and policies throughout the West, the weaknesses of liberal democracy that dominated the two decades after World War I faded from view. But they did not disappear.

    First, because liberal democracy restrains majorities, it slows the achievement of goals that majorities support.

    This generates frustration with institutional restraints, and an unacknowledged envy of authoritarian systems that can act quickly and decisively. China can build huge cities in the time that it takes the United States to review the environmental impact of small highway projects. Liberal democracy requires more patience than many possess.

    Second, liberal democracy requires tolerance for minority views and ways of life to which many citizens are deeply opposed. It is natural to feel that if we consider certain views or ways of life to be odious, we should use public power to suppress them. In many such cases, liberal democracy requires us to restrain this impulse, a psychological burden that some will find unbearable.

    This leads directly to the third inherent problem of liberal democracy—the distinction it requires us to make between civic identity and personal or group identity. For example, although we may consider certain religious views false and even dangerous, we must, for civic purposes, accept those who hold these views as our equals.

    They may freely express these views; they may organize to promote them; they may vote, and their votes are given the same weight as ours. The same goes for race, ethnicity, gender, and all the particularities that distinguish us from one another.

    This requirement often goes against the grain of natural sentiments. We want the public sphere to reflect what we find most valuable about our private commitments. Liberal democracy prevents us from fully translating our personal identities into our public lives as citizens. This too is not always easy to bear. The quest for wholeness —for a political community, or even a world, that reflects our most important commitments—is a deep yearning to which illiberal leaders can always appeal.

    Nor is the fourth inherent difficulty of liberal democracy—the necessity of compromise—easy to bear. If what I want is good and true, why should I agree that public decisions must incorporate competing views? James Madison gives us the answer: in circumstances of liberty, diversity of views is inevitable, and unless those who agree with us form a majority so large as to be irresistible, the alternative to compromise is inaction, which is often more damaging, or oppression, which always is.

    According to the passage, which of the following BEST explains why liberal democracy needs patience?

    1. A.

      Because liberal democracy at its core is more conservative.

    2. B.

      Because liberal democracy has to ensure that all views are considered before taking a decision.

    3. C.

      Because liberal democratic institutions that enable protection of minorities restrain majorities from acting unilaterally.

    4. D.

      Because liberal democracy believes that minority views matter more than majority views.

    5. E.

      Because liberal democracy believes environmental impact is more important than human progress.

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a causal inference question, recognizable because it asks for the "BEST explains why" regarding a specific outcome ("liberal democracy needs patience").

    Step 1: Locate the keyword "patience" in the passage. It appears at the end of the second paragraph: "Liberal democracy requires more patience than many possess."

    Step 2: Read the preceding sentences to find the cause. The passage states: "First, because liberal democracy restrains majorities, it slows the achievement of goals that majorities support. This generates frustration..."

    Step 3: Synthesize the causal chain. Restraining majorities slows goal achievement requires patience.

    Step 4: Match with options. Option C ("Because liberal democratic institutions that enable protection of minorities restrain majorities from acting unilaterally") perfectly captures the "restrains majorities" mechanism.

    Step 5: Eliminate others. Option A ("more conservative") is not mentioned. Option B ("ensure that all views are considered") is a distortion of the "restrains majorities" point. Option D ("minority views matter more") contradicts the idea of balancing, not prioritizing. Option E ("environmental impact") is a specific example (China vs US highway project), not the core reason.

    Answer: C

    Question 5 · Verbal Ability and Logical Reasoning (VALR) · 2026 MCQ

    Common Description:

    As the post-World War II generation of liberal democratic leaders forged new, highly successful domestic and international institutions and policies throughout the West, the weaknesses of liberal democracy that dominated the two decades after World War I faded from view. But they did not disappear.

    First, because liberal democracy restrains majorities, it slows the achievement of goals that majorities support.

    This generates frustration with institutional restraints, and an unacknowledged envy of authoritarian systems that can act quickly and decisively. China can build huge cities in the time that it takes the United States to review the environmental impact of small highway projects. Liberal democracy requires more patience than many possess.

    Second, liberal democracy requires tolerance for minority views and ways of life to which many citizens are deeply opposed. It is natural to feel that if we consider certain views or ways of life to be odious, we should use public power to suppress them. In many such cases, liberal democracy requires us to restrain this impulse, a psychological burden that some will find unbearable.

    This leads directly to the third inherent problem of liberal democracy—the distinction it requires us to make between civic identity and personal or group identity. For example, although we may consider certain religious views false and even dangerous, we must, for civic purposes, accept those who hold these views as our equals.

    They may freely express these views; they may organize to promote them; they may vote, and their votes are given the same weight as ours. The same goes for race, ethnicity, gender, and all the particularities that distinguish us from one another.

    This requirement often goes against the grain of natural sentiments. We want the public sphere to reflect what we find most valuable about our private commitments. Liberal democracy prevents us from fully translating our personal identities into our public lives as citizens. This too is not always easy to bear. The quest for wholeness —for a political community, or even a world, that reflects our most important commitments—is a deep yearning to which illiberal leaders can always appeal.

    Nor is the fourth inherent difficulty of liberal democracy—the necessity of compromise—easy to bear. If what I want is good and true, why should I agree that public decisions must incorporate competing views? James Madison gives us the answer: in circumstances of liberty, diversity of views is inevitable, and unless those who agree with us form a majority so large as to be irresistible, the alternative to compromise is inaction, which is often more damaging, or oppression, which always is.

    According to the passage, how does the second problem of liberal democracy lead to the third problem?

    1. A.

      While some find certain views personally distasteful, they will permit those views to exist in the public sphere.

    2. B.

      The more we find some views unacceptable, the more liberal democracy forces us to accept it in a public space.

    3. C.

      We tolerate unpopular views since the view holder has a right to express and follow them.

    4. D.

      By tolerating the views we disagree with, we suffer from multiple identities.

    5. E.

      While we tolerate views that we disagree with, we have to demonstrate that we tolerate them by allowing them to coexist among us.

    Correct Answer:

    B

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a structural relationship question, recognizable because it asks how one concept ("second problem") leads to another ("third problem").

    Step 1: Identify the second problem in the passage: "liberal democracy requires tolerance for minority views and ways of life to which many citizens are deeply opposed."

    Step 2: Identify the third problem: "the distinction it requires us to make between civic identity and personal or group identity."

    Step 3: Analyze the causal link provided by the author. The passage states: "although we may consider certain religious views false and even dangerous [deeply opposed/unacceptable], we must, for civic purposes, accept those who hold these views as our equals [accept it in a public space]."

    Step 4: Evaluate options. Option B ("The more we find some views unacceptable, the more liberal democracy forces us to accept it in a public space") perfectly captures this causal tension between personal opposition and civic acceptance.

    Step 5: Eliminate others. Option A is a weak statement of fact, missing the "problem" or tension. Option C gives a justification ("right to express") not emphasized as the problem. Option D introduces "multiple identities", which is a distortion. Option E is wordy and misses the core tension of finding views "unacceptable" yet being forced to accept them civically.

    Answer: B

    Question 6 · Verbal Ability and Logical Reasoning (VALR) MCQ

    Read the following five sentences. What is the maximum number of valid, mandatory two-sentence micro-chains (e.g., Sentence X must immediately follow Sentence Y) that can be definitively established based solely on explicit referential links (pronouns, demonstratives, or direct lexical repetition)?

    1. The discovery of penicillin marked a paradigm shift in modern medicine.
    2. This serendipitous event occurred in 1928 when Alexander Fleming noticed a mold inhibiting bacterial growth.
    3. Such accidental breakthroughs are rare in contemporary, highly structured pharmaceutical research.
    4. Nevertheless, the principles of observation and hypothesis testing remain central to scientific inquiry.
    5. These foundational principles ensure that even modern drug discovery retains a link to its empirical roots.
    1. A.

      1

    2. B.

      2

    3. C.

      3

    4. D.

      4

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a maximum question testing the Anchor & Trace Technique, specifically your ability to isolate mandatory micro-chains before building the full paragraph.

    Step 1: Analyze Sentence 1 and 2. Sentence 2 begins with "This serendipitous event", which directly and exclusively refers to "The discovery of penicillin" in Sentence 1. Link 1: (1 -> 2).

    Step 2: Analyze Sentence 2 and 3. Sentence 3 begins with "Such accidental breakthroughs", which directly refers to the "serendipitous event" and "accidental" nature described in Sentence 2. Link 2: (2 -> 3).

    Step 3: Analyze Sentence 4 and 5. Sentence 5 begins with "These foundational principles", which directly refers to "the principles of observation and hypothesis testing" introduced in Sentence 4. Link 3: (4 -> 5).

    Step 4: Check for any other mandatory links. Sentence 3 to 4 is linked by contrast ("Nevertheless"), but this is a thematic transition, not a strict, explicit referential micro-chain of the same type. The prompt asks for links based solely on explicit referential links.

    Step 5: Count the definitive micro-chains. We have (1->2), (2->3), and (4->5). Total = 3.

    Answer: C (3)

    Question 7 · Decision Making (DM) · 2026 MCQ

    Common Description:

    MultiKrack, one of the oldest FMCG companies in Eastern India, was run by the Malhotras, a traditional business family, for generations. The organization believed that key positions should be held only by family members and close friends.

    But, as the organization grew in size, the top management decided to bring in fresh thinking and fill key positions from premier management institutions. The need for such a decision was also brought upon by changes in consumer preferences, which the top management felt could be best handled by recruiting premier talent from the younger generation(Gen Z).

    MultiKrack drew the best talent, from premier management institutions, by offering highly attractive salaries.

    The first batch of Gen Z management trainees joined MultiKrack. Anindita was one of the seven management trainees recruited. She reported to Uday, a senior manager, who directly reported to the top management.

    In one of the meetings, Uday was making a presentation on positioning their most popular product to make it more appealing to Gen Z. Unhappy with the discussion, Anindita candidly shared her concern regarding the assumptions Uday made about Gen Z. Uday immediately retorted: “Anindita, this is a discussion for adults. Kids, like you, should listen for a few months before sharing their opinion.” Further, he remarked, “you Gen Z have opinions about everything regardless of the subject.” Thereafter, he brushed aside any views Anindita attempted to share during the discussion. After the meeting, Anindita felt offended.

    However, when she discussed it with other management trainees, they did not find anything wrong with what Uday said. Even then, she decided to do something about such a treatment, since it would be seen as an approved behaviour.

    Which of the following options will BEST help Anindita in taking an appropriate stand against Uday’s behaviour?

    1. A.

      Urge other management trainees to petition the top management jointly with her.

    2. B.

      Meet up with the top management and lodge a formal complaint against Uday.

    3. C.

      Meet Uday in person and remind him why she, a Gen Z, was hired in the first place.

    4. D.

      Before actively participating in meetings, wait for a few months as Uday suggested.

    5. E.

      Ask her colleagues to talk to Uday on behalf of her.

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a workplace conflict resolution question involving generational friction. The goal is to address the immediate disrespect while maintaining professional relationships and demonstrating value.

    Step 1: Analyze the situation. Anindita was dismissed based on age/generation stereotypes ("Kids like you"). The behavior is unprofessional but not necessarily a formal HR violation yet (no harassment, just rudeness/dismissal). Other trainees accepted it, so collective action might seem aggressive or unsupported.

    Step 2: Evaluate Option A (Petition). Joint petitioning is escalatory. Since other trainees "did not find anything wrong," they are unlikely to join. This isolates Anindita and makes her look unable to handle interpersonal issues.

    Step 3: Evaluate Option B (Formal Complaint). Lodging a formal complaint against a senior manager for a single incident of rude commentary is disproportionate. It bypasses direct communication and may brand Anindita as litigious or difficult before she has established her track record.

    Step 4: Evaluate Option C (Meet Uday). Meeting Uday in person allows Anindita to address the specific comment directly. By reminding him why she was hired (to bring Gen Z perspective), she reframes her input as a professional asset rather than childish opinion. This is assertive, professional, and addresses the root cause (his misconception of her role) without escalating to HR immediately.

    Step 5: Evaluate Option D (Wait). Waiting validates Uday's dismissive behavior and wastes the company's investment in hiring her for fresh perspectives. It fails to take a stand.

    Step 6: Evaluate Option E (Colleagues talk). Asking others to intervene is passive and shifts the burden. It does not demonstrate Anindita's own professional maturity or ability to manage up.

    Conclusion: Option C is the most balanced approach. It asserts her professional value, addresses the misunderstanding directly, and maintains the chain of command while refusing to accept disrespectful treatment.

    Answer: C

    Question 8 · Decision Making (DM) · 2026 MCQ

    Common Description:

    Abhishek, a student of a prestigious business school, gets interested in Payeasy, a fintech firm, after listening to a pre-placement talk by Neha Bhupati, a senior leader at the firm, and an alumna of the same business school.

    He joins Payeasy through campus placement. Neha plays a key role in recruiting him, seeing great potential in him.

    Abhishek starts working in the digital payments vertical under Mukesh Kumar, who reports directly to Neha.

    Mukesh, Abhishek’s direct superior, is impressed by his performance and rates him very high in the first year.

    Abhishek understands that if Mukesh consistently rates him as “Excellent Performer” for the second year as well, his chances of getting promoted will improve.(The organization promotes individuals who are consistently rated as “Excellent Performer” for at least two years by their immediate superiors.) Over time, Abhishek realizes that the learning opportunities in his current role have plateaued. Given his longstanding interest in blockchain and cryptocurrency, he starts exploring opportunities in that vertical within the company. This change is not possible without the consent of his immediate boss, Mukesh. When Abhishek brings this up with Mukesh, he acknowledges Abhishek’s curiosity and enthusiasm; however, he emphasizes how Abhishek’s competencies fit him rightly into the current vertical. Mukesh assures Abhishek of more challenging assignments in the future, provided he remains a good team player. Further, he shares his skepticism about the long-term prospects of cryptocurrency. Hence, Mukesh politely declines Abhishek’s request.

    Abhishek is not happy with Mukesh’s decision. Abhishek is aware that he needs to be in the good books of Mukesh for his performance rating. However, he is passionate about cryptocurrency; hence, he considers approaching Neha directly to discuss a possible move. Neha can take such decisions independently, but Neha and Mukesh usually see eye to eye on most issues. Which of the following reasons, IF TRUE, will BEST encourage Abhishek to reach out to Neha regarding his desired change to a different vertical?

    1. A.

      Neha is known to Abhishek as they are alumni of the same business school.

    2. B.

      Mukesh is infamous for not letting his team members go to any other vertical.

    3. C.

      A colleague got her vertical changed by presenting her case to the higher-ups, bypassing her immediate boss.

    4. D.

      Abhishek strongly feels that he cannot continue for one more year in his current role.

    5. E.

      The crypto team is always running short of talented employees.

    Correct Answer:

    B

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a chain-of-command bypass justification question, recognizable because an employee is considering going over their manager's head for an internal transfer.

    Step 1: Identify the core conflict. Abhishek wants a vertical change, but his manager Mukesh has declined. Abhishek is considering bypassing Mukesh and going directly to Neha.

    Step 2: Evaluate the risks of bypassing. Bypassing the chain of command is generally frowned upon and can damage professional relationships. It is only justifiable if the direct route is completely blocked or structurally futile.

    Step 3: Analyze the options. Option B states that Mukesh is "infamous for not letting his team members go to any other vertical." If this is true, Mukesh's refusal is not a reasoned managerial decision but a systemic block.

    Step 4: Conclude. When the direct manager is a known bottleneck who never allows internal mobility, bypassing them becomes the only viable structural option to achieve the career move.

    Answer: B

    Question 9 · Decision Making (DM) · 2026 MCQ

    Common Description:

    Mr. Screwvala, a highly successful investment banker, had a career of nearly 25 years. In his circle, he was respected for his straight-shooter image and industrious behaviour. Screwvala loved travelling; he travelled extensively, both for his job and personal interests. He always wanted to share his life experiences with people at large.

    He chanced upon such an opportunity when his old friend, Mr. Patel, a well-known publisher, offered Screwvala to publish a book based on his life experiences. Screwvala grabbed the opportunity; however, given his thorough nature, he took a three-year long sabbatical to finish the book.

    During that period, Patel guided Screwvala at every step, reviewing every chapter personally. At the end, the book was probably as much Patel’s, as it was Screwvala’s!

    On publication, the book turned out to be a bestseller, and Screwvala became famous.

    Patel had a new proposal for Screwvala: he wanted Screwvala to work on a detective novel. Patel proposed that Screwvala would only write the final chapter of the detective novel, after his co-authors. Screwvala accepted the offer.

    Though the project started on time, a few of the authors could not manage to submit their chapters within the given timeline. Hence, it created a delay for the authors to follow.

    Having to wait endlessly for the other authors to finish their chapters, with no end in sight, Screwvala started getting impatient. In the meantime, he was offered another proposal from a rival publisher to write a travelogue on a country of his choice, which would involve all-expense-paid trips. Because of his love for travel, Screwvala felt inclined to accept the offer. However, this would mean getting out of the contract of the detective novel, which could cause a serious friction with Patel.

    Which of the following, IF TRUE, will be the MOST compelling reason for Screwvala to continue with the detective-novel project?

    1. A.

      Screwvala has already invested considerable time in the detective novel.

    2. B.

      Patel did tell Screwvala that writing the detective novel would test his patience.

    3. C.

      Screwvala believes that he owes it to Patel for the help he has received in his journey as a writer.

    4. D.

      The rival publisher is not as well-known as Patel.

    5. E.

      Screwvala is not sure whether writing two books on similar topics consecutively will be well received.

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a relational-debt and contractual-loyalty dilemma, recognisable because the protagonist is tempted to leave a current commitment for a more attractive offer.

    Step 1: Identify the conflict. Screwvala is impatient with delays and is attracted by a travelogue offer, but leaving would break his current commitment to Patel.

    Step 2: Ask what kind of reason would justify staying. The question asks for the most compelling reason to continue, so the strongest reason should create a serious ethical or relational obligation that outweighs the new offer.

    Step 3: Evaluate Option C. The common description shows Patel deeply guided Screwvala's first book and helped make it successful. Screwvala's belief that he owes Patel creates a strong loyalty-based reason to honour the current commitment despite the delays.

    Step 4: Reject weaker reasons. Time already spent is a sunk cost fallacy. A warning about patience only describes the difficulty, it doesn't justify staying. The rival publisher's reputation and fear about similar topics are speculative and weak compared to a direct relational debt.

    Answer: C

    Question 10 · General Knowledge (GK) MCQ

    Arrange the following historic milestones achieved by Indian women in sports in chronological order based on the year they occurred:

    1. First Indian woman to win a Grand Slam tennis title
    2. First Indian woman to win an Olympic medal
    3. First Indian woman to win a medal at the World Athletics Championships
    4. First Indian woman to win a medal at the World Boxing Championships
    1. A.

      2, 4, 3, 1

    2. B.

      2, 3, 4, 1

    3. C.

      4, 2, 3, 1

    4. D.

      2, 4, 1, 3

    Correct Answer:

    A

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is an ordering question testing precise recall of historic sporting firsts for Indian women across different disciplines.

    Step 1: Identify the year for milestone 2. Karnam Malleswari won a bronze medal in weightlifting at the Sydney Olympics in 2000, becoming the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal.

    Step 2: Identify the year for milestone 4. Mary Kom won a bronze medal at the World Boxing Championships in Antalya in 2002.

    Step 3: Identify the year for milestone 3. Anju Bobby George won a bronze medal in the long jump at the World Athletics Championships in Paris in 2003.

    Step 4: Identify the year for milestone 1. Sania Mirza won the Mixed Doubles title at the Australian Open in 2009, becoming the first Indian woman to win a Grand Slam tennis title.

    Step 5: Arrange the milestones chronologically: 2000 (2), 2002 (4), 2003 (3), 2009 (1).

    Answer: 2, 4, 3, 1

    Question 11 · General Knowledge (GK) MCQ

    Arrange the following medieval Indian rulers in chronological order of their reigns:

    1. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
    2. Alauddin Khilji
    3. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
    4. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

    Select the correct sequence:

    1. A.

      2, 4, 1, 3

    2. B.

      2, 1, 4, 3

    3. C.

      4, 2, 1, 3

    4. D.

      2, 4, 3, 1

    Correct Answer:

    A

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a chronological ordering question testing the sequence of Delhi Sultanate rulers, recognisable by the list of names and request for order.

    Step 1: Identify the dynasty and period for each ruler.

    • Alauddin Khilji: Khilji Dynasty (r. 1296–1316).
    • Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq: Founder of Tughlaq Dynasty (r. 1320–1325).
    • Muhammad bin Tughlaq: Son of Ghiyasuddin (r. 1325–1351).
    • Firuz Shah Tughlaq: Cousin of Muhammad bin Tughlaq (r. 1351–1388).

    Step 2: Arrange by start date.

    1. Alauddin Khilji (1296)
    2. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320)
    3. Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325)
    4. Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351)

    Step 3: Match with options. The sequence is 2, 4, 1, 3.

    Answer: A

    Question 12 · General Knowledge (GK) MCQ

    Consider the following statements regarding UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India:

    1. Khangchendzonga National Park is India's first "Mixed" (cultural and natural) World Heritage Site.
    2. The Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
    3. Dholavira, a Harappan city, is situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat.
    4. The Group of Monuments at Hampi is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river.

    How many of the above statements are CORRECT?

    1. A.

      Only one

    2. B.

      Only two

    3. C.

      Only three

    4. D.

      All four

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a statement-truth question testing knowledge of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and their specific geographical or cultural contexts.

    Step 1: Evaluate Statement 1.

    Khangchendzonga National Park in Sikkim was inscribed as a Mixed World Heritage Site in 2016. It is indeed India's first Mixed site. (Correct)

    Step 2: Evaluate Statement 2.

    The Kakatiya Rudreshwara Temple, commonly known as the Ramappa Temple, is located in the Palampet village of the Mulugu district in Telangana, not Andhra Pradesh. (Incorrect)

    Step 3: Evaluate Statement 3.

    Dholavira is a prominent Harappan site located in the Khadir island of the Kutch district in Gujarat. It was inscribed in 2021. (Correct)

    Step 4: Evaluate Statement 4.

    The Group of Monuments at Hampi, the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, is situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra river in Karnataka. (Correct)

    Step 5: Count the correct statements.

    Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Thus, exactly three statements are correct.

    Answer: Only three

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