Science, Space, Technology & Environment Practice Questions for XAT: 355+ Solved Questions with Step-by-Step Solutions

    Solve 355+ Science, Space, Technology & Environment practice questions for XAT with answers and detailed solutions. Free sample questions below.

    Chapter Roadmap: Science, Space, Technology & Environment

    Chapter Roadmap

    1. Space Exploration & Astronomy
    ISRO missions, NASA probes, orbital mechanics. (High Weightage)
    2. Technology, AI & Innovations
    Generative AI, semiconductors, private space tech. (Highest Weightage)
    3. Environment & Conservation
    Climate summits, extreme weather, biodiversity. (Moderate Weightage)

    Topic Hero: Space Exploration & Astronomy

    Space Exploration & Astronomy

    The cosmos is a theatre of geopolitics, technological supremacy, and national pride. For exams, track four dimensions of every mission:

    Agency
    Who built it? ISRO, NASA, ESA, JAXA, CNSA
    Vehicle
    What carried it? PSLV, LVM3, Falcon Heavy
    Target
    Where is it going? L1, Asteroids, Corona
    Milestone
    Why does it matter? Firsts, records, samples

    Science, Space, Technology & Environment: Solved Questions with Step-by-Step Explanations (5 Problems)

    Question 1 · General Knowledge (GK) MSQ

    Which of the following statements correctly describe the technological and policy constraints of using Space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Edge AI for global carbon accounting under frameworks like REDD+?

    Select all that apply.

    1. A.

      L-band SAR signals can penetrate forest canopies to measure above-ground biomass, making them superior to optical sensors for REDD+ carbon stock estimation in heavily clouded tropical regions.

    2. B.

      Edge AI models deployed on satellites require frequent retraining via uplink, which is constrained by the limited bandwidth of space-to-ground communication links compared to ground-based data centers.

    3. C.

      International carbon markets currently accept unverified, AI-generated satellite biomass estimates as legally binding proof of carbon sequestration, bypassing the need for ground-truth forest inventories.

    4. D.

      The orbital decay of LEO SAR satellites is accelerated by the increased atmospheric drag during periods of high solar activity, requiring regular station-keeping maneuvers that consume limited onboard propellant.

    Correct Answer:

    ["A","B","D"]

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a statement_truth (MSQ) question synthesizing SAR satellite physics, Edge AI constraints, and REDD+ policy verification.

    Step 1: Evaluate Option A. L-band SAR (like NISAR) uses longer wavelengths that penetrate cloud cover and vegetation canopies to interact with tree trunks and large branches, providing accurate biomass estimates in tropical regions where optical sensors are blinded by clouds. This is correct.

    Step 2: Evaluate Option B. Edge AI processes data in orbit, but models degrade over time and need retraining. Uplinking large model weights to satellites is severely constrained by limited RF bandwidth compared to terrestrial fiber. This is correct.

    Step 3: Evaluate Option C. Carbon markets (including REDD+) require rigorous MRV (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) by accredited third parties. AI estimates alone are not legally binding and cannot bypass ground-truth inventories. This is false.

    Step 4: Evaluate Option D. During solar maximum, the Earth's upper atmosphere expands, increasing drag on LEO satellites. This accelerates orbital decay and requires propellant for station-keeping. This is correct.

    Answer: Options A, B, and D are correct.

    Question 2 · General Knowledge (GK) MCQ

    According to the Tech & AI Cheat Sheet, which Indian city is specifically noted for housing a semiconductor museum?

    1. A.

      Bengaluru

    2. B.

      Pune

    3. C.

      Hyderabad

    4. D.

      Chennai

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a factual recall question from the quick revision cheat sheet regarding India's semiconductor ecosystem.

    Step 1: Identify the specific fact being asked: the location of India's semiconductor museum.

    Step 2: Recall the entry from the Tech & AI Cheat Sheet. It explicitly notes that Hyderabad has the semiconductor museum.

    Step 3: Match this with the given options.

    Answer: C

    Question 3 · General Knowledge (GK) MCQ

    According to the Tech & AI Cheat Sheet, under which specific domain is the "AI.g" virtual agent classified?

    1. A.

      EdTech

    2. B.

      Frontier Tech

    3. C.

      Enterprise

    4. D.

      Blockchain

    Correct Answer:

    C

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a direct recall question about the classification of a specific tech entity from the quick revision cheat sheet.

    Step 1: Locate the entity in question: "AI.g".

    Step 2: Recall its classification from the Tech & AI Cheat Sheet. It is listed under the "Enterprise" domain.

    Step 3: Note its key fact: it is Air India's virtual agent.

    Step 4: Match this domain with the given options.

    Answer: C

    Question 4 · General Knowledge (GK) MCQ

    According to the Space Milestones Cheat Sheet, which satellite was the heaviest payload launched by the LVM3-M6 rocket from India?

    1. A.

      Chandrayaan-3

    2. B.

      Aditya-L1

    3. C.

      GSAT-24

    4. D.

      BlueBird Block-2

    Correct Answer:

    D

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a direct recall question from the summary cheat sheet.

    Step 1: Identify the mission parameters: LVM3-M6 rocket and "heaviest payload".

    Step 2: Retrieve the fact from the Space Milestones Cheat Sheet. The LVM3-M6 launched the BlueBird Block-2, noted as the heaviest payload from India.

    Step 3: Match this fact to the options provided.

    Answer: D

    Question 5 · General Knowledge (GK) MCQ

    Based on the Space Milestones Cheat Sheet, which of the following mission-to-fact pairings contains a deliberate factual error?

    1. A.

      Aditya-L1: ISRO mission in a halo orbit at L1, launched by PSLV-C57.

    2. B.

      OSIRIS-REx: NASA mission that brought back samples from the asteroid Ryugu.

    3. C.

      Parker Probe: NASA spacecraft that became the first to fly inside the Sun's corona and cross the Alfvén surface.

    4. D.

      3I/ATLAS: A rare interstellar visitor tracked by astronomers.

    Correct Answer:

    B

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Key idea: This is a find_value question testing precise recall of asteroid sample return mission targets from the cheat sheet.

    Step 1: Evaluate Option A. Aditya-L1 is an ISRO mission at the L1 halo orbit, launched by PSLV-C57. This is factually correct.

    Step 2: Evaluate Option B. OSIRIS-REx is a NASA mission, but it targeted the asteroid Bennu, not Ryugu. The asteroid Ryugu was the target of the Japanese space agency JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission. This contains a factual error.

    Step 3: Evaluate Option C. The Parker Solar Probe is a NASA spacecraft that flew through the Sun's corona and crossed the Alfvén surface. This is factually correct.

    Step 4: Evaluate Option D. 3I/ATLAS is correctly identified as a rare interstellar visitor. This is factually correct.

    Answer: B

    More practice questions in this unit

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    Science, Space, Technology & Environment Practice Questions for XAT: 355+ Solved Questions with Step-by-Step Solutions

    Solve 355+ Science, Space, Technology & Environment practice questions for XAT with answers and detailed solutions. Free sample questions below.

    A question from this chapter

    Question 1

    Which of the following statements correctly describe the technological and policy constraints of using Space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Edge AI for global carbon accounting under frameworks like REDD+?

    Select all that apply.

    Question 2

    According to the Tech & AI Cheat Sheet, which Indian city is specifically noted for housing a semiconductor museum?

    Question 3

    According to the Tech & AI Cheat Sheet, under which specific domain is the "AI.g" virtual agent classified?

    Question 4

    According to the Space Milestones Cheat Sheet, which satellite was the heaviest payload launched by the LVM3-M6 rocket from India?

    Question 5

    Based on the Space Milestones Cheat Sheet, which of the following mission-to-fact pairings contains a deliberate factual error?

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