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    TCP Connection Management, Reliability and Congestion Control Notes for GATE CS

    TCP Connection Management, Reliability and Congestion Control notes for GATE CS: 31 study cards covering concepts, formulas, shortcuts and exam traps, plus so

    tcp connection management reliability and congestion control notes

    Chapter Roadmap: TCP Connection Management

    Chapter Roadmap

    TCP Connection Management, Reliability and Congestion Control

    1. TCP Handshake, State and Termination
    The foundation. How connections are established, tracked via state machines, and gracefully closed.
    2. TCP Sequence Numbers and Wraparound
    The math of reliability. Ensuring bytes are ordered correctly and preventing sequence number space exhaustion.
    3. TCP Slow Start and Congestion-Window Evolution
    Network survival. How TCP dynamically adjusts its sending rate to avoid collapsing the internet.

    TCP Handshake, Connection State and Termination

    Topic 1 of 3

    TCP Handshake, Connection State and Termination

    How two machines agree to talk, track their conversation, and politely say goodbye.

    What You Will Master
    • The exact mechanics of the 3-way handshake
    • Calculating Sequence and Acknowledgement numbers
    • TCP connection state transitions
    • Graceful termination and the TIME_WAIT state

    Why Do We Need a Handshake?

    Why Do We Need a Handshake?

    TCP is connection-oriented. Before any application data flows, the endpoints must establish a logical pipe. This handshake serves two critical purposes:

    1. Liveness and Resource Allocation

    Both sides confirm the other is reachable. The operating system allocates buffers and variables (the Transmission Control Block) for this specific connection.

    2. Sequence Number Synchronization

    TCP tracks every byte with a sequence number. The handshake allows both sides to exchange their Initial Sequence Numbers (ISNs) so they can correctly order data and acknowledge receipt.

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    TCP Connection Management, Reliability and Congestion Control Notes for GATE CS

    TCP Connection Management, Reliability and Congestion Control notes for GATE CS: 31 study cards covering concepts, formulas, shortcuts and exam traps, plus solved practice questions.

    Chapter Roadmap: TCP Connection Management

    Chapter Roadmap

    TCP Connection Management, Reliability and Congestion Control

    1. TCP Handshake, State and Termination
    The foundation. How connections are established, tracked via state machines, and gracefully closed.
    2. TCP Sequence Numbers and Wraparound
    The math of reliability. Ensuring bytes are ordered correctly and preventing sequence number space exhaustion.
    3. TCP Slow Start and Congestion-Window Evolution
    Network survival. How TCP dynamically adjusts its sending rate to avoid collapsing the internet.

    TCP Handshake, Connection State and Termination

    Topic 1 of 3

    TCP Handshake, Connection State and Termination

    How two machines agree to talk, track their conversation, and politely say goodbye.

    What You Will Master
    • The exact mechanics of the 3-way handshake
    • Calculating Sequence and Acknowledgement numbers
    • TCP connection state transitions
    • Graceful termination and the TIME_WAIT state

    Why Do We Need a Handshake?

    Why Do We Need a Handshake?

    TCP is connection-oriented. Before any application data flows, the endpoints must establish a logical pipe. This handshake serves two critical purposes:

    1. Liveness and Resource Allocation

    Both sides confirm the other is reachable. The operating system allocates buffers and variables (the Transmission Control Block) for this specific connection.

    2. Sequence Number Synchronization

    TCP tracks every byte with a sequence number. The handshake allows both sides to exchange their Initial Sequence Numbers (ISNs) so they can correctly order data and acknowledge receipt.

    The 3-Way Handshake Mechanics

    The 3-Way Handshake Mechanics

    1
    Client Server: SYN

    Client initiates connection.
    SYN=1, Seq=, Ack=0

    2
    Server Client: SYN-ACK

    Server acknowledges and synchronizes.
    SYN=1, ACK=1, Seq=, Ack=

    3
    Client Server: ACK

    Connection established. Data can now flow.
    SYN=0, ACK=1, Seq=, Ack=

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