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    Network Models, Data Link Control, Error Detection and Multiple Access PYQs for GATE CS

    Solve 16+ Network Models, Data Link Control, Error Detection and Multiple Access previous year questions for GATE CS with answers and detailed solutions. Free

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    Question 1
    2026 Slot Set2 PYQ

    Consider the transmission of data bits over a link that uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code for error detection. If the generator bit pattern is given to be , which one of the following options shows the remainder bit pattern appended to the data bits before transmission?

    Question 2
    2026 Slot Set2 PYQ
    It is necessary to design a link-layer protocol between two hosts that are directly connected over a lossless link of length 3000 kilometers. Assume that the link bandwidth is bits per second and that the propagation delay in the link is 5 nanoseconds per meter. Every transmitted data byte is assigned a unique sequence number.

    Let be the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number field in the protocol header such that

        i.    the sequence numbers do not wrap around before 60 seconds, and
       ii.    the maximum utilization of the link is achieved.

    The value of is ______. (answer in integer)
    Question 3
    2026 Slot Set1 PYQ

    Consider the implementation of sliding window protocol over a lossless link, with a window size of frames, where each frame is of size 1000 bits (including header). The bandwidth of the link is 100 kbps () and the one-way propagation delay is 100 milliseconds. Assume that processing times at the sender and receiver are zero and the transmission time of acknowledgements is also zero. Which one of the following options gives the minimum size of (in number of frames) required to achieve 100% link utilization?

    Question 4
    2025 Slot Set2 PYQ
    Suppose we are transmitting frames between two nodes using Stop-and-Wait protocol. The frame size is 3000 bits. The transmission rate of the channel is 2000 bps (bits/second) and the propagation delay between the two nodes is 100 milliseconds. Assume that the processing times at the source and destination are negligible. Also, assume that the size of the acknowledgement packet is negligible.

    Which ONE of the following most accurately gives the channel utilization for the above scenario in percentage?
    Question 5
    2025 Slot Set2 PYQ
    Consider the following statements:

    (i) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides a mapping from an IP address to the corresponding hardware (link-layer) address.
    (ii) A single TCP segment from a sender S to a receiver R cannot carry both data from S to R and acknowledgement for a segment from R to S.

    Which ONE of the following is CORRECT?
    Question 6
    2025 Slot Set1 PYQ
    Identify the ONE CORRECT matching between the OSI layers and their corresponding functionalities as shown.

    OSI Layers                      Functionalities
    (a) Network layer            (I) Packet routing
    (b) Transport layer          (II) Framing and error handling
    (c) Datalink layer            (III) Host to host communication
    Question 7
    2025 Slot Set1 PYQ

    Suppose a 5-bit message is transmitted from a source to a destination through a noisy channel. The probability that a bit of the message gets flipped during transmission is 0.01. Flipping of each bit is independent of one another. The probability that the message is delivered error-free to the destination is ______. (rounded off to three decimal places)

    Question 8
    2024 Slot Set2 PYQ

    Consider an Ethernet segment with a transmission speed of bits/sec and a maximum segment length of 500 meters. If the speed of propagation of the signal in the medium is meters/sec, then the minimum frame size <i>(in bits)</i> required for collision detection is __________

    Question 9
    2024 Slot Set2 PYQ
    Node X has a TCP connection open to node Y. The packets from X to Y go through an intermediate IP router R. Ethernet switch S is the first switch on the network path between X and R. Consider a packet sent from X to Y over this connection.

    Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the destination IP and MAC addresses on this packet at the time it leaves X?
    Question 10
    2023 PYQ

    Suppose two hosts are connected by a point-to-point link and they are configured to use Stop-and-Wait protocol for reliable data transfer. Identify in which one of the following scenarios, the utilization of the link is the lowest.

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    Network Models, Data Link Control, Error Detection and Multiple Access PYQs for GATE CS

    Solve 16+ Network Models, Data Link Control, Error Detection and Multiple Access previous year questions for GATE CS with answers and detailed solutions. Free sample questions below.

    Chapter Roadmap: Computer Networks - Data Link Layer and Network Models

    Orientation

    Chapter Roadmap: Computer Networks - Data Link Layer and Network Models

    Chapter Journey: From Packets to Reliable Delivery

    This chapter builds the foundation for how data moves reliably across physical links. We move from abstract models to concrete protocols.

    01
    Network Models and ARP
    OSI vs TCP/IP, IP-to-MAC mapping, Broadcast vs Unicast
    Exam Frequency: High
    02
    Flow Control
    Stop-and-Wait, Sliding Window, Efficiency calculations
    Exam Frequency: High
    03
    Error Detection and Coding
    Parity, Hamming Code, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
    Exam Frequency: Moderate
    04
    Multiple Access (Ethernet)
    CSMA/CD, ALOHA, Collision Domains, Minimum Frame Size
    Exam Frequency: Low-Moderate
    By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
    • Map an IP address to a physical MAC address using ARP.
    • Calculate the efficiency of flow control protocols.
    • Detect errors in transmitted data using CRC and Hamming codes.
    • Determine the minimum frame size required for collision detection in Ethernet.

    The Two Addresses: IP vs MAC

    Concept

    The Two Addresses: IP vs MAC

    Why Do We Need Two Addresses?

    Data travels in layers. Each layer has its own addressing scheme.

    Feature IP Address (Network Layer) MAC Address (Link Layer)
    Scope End-to-End (Source to Destination) Hop-to-Hop (Local Network Segment)
    Nature Logical, Software-configured Physical, Hardware-burned (NIC)
    Analogy Home Address (City/Street) Apartment Number / Name
    Changeable? Yes (when moving networks) No (usually fixed)
    Format 32-bit (IPv4) or 128-bit (IPv6) 48-bit (Hexadecimal)
    The Problem: When Host A wants to send a packet to Host B on the same local network, it knows Host B's IP address. However, the hardware can only send frames to a specific MAC address.

    The Solution: We need a protocol to map the known IP Address to the unknown MAC Address. This is done by ARP (Address Resolution Protocol).

    Network Models, Data Link Control, Error Detection and Multiple Access: Solved Questions with Step-by-Step Explanations (10 Problems)

    Question 1 · Computer Networks · 2026_Set2 MCQ

    Consider the transmission of data bits over a link that uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code for error detection. If the generator bit pattern is given to be , which one of the following options shows the remainder bit pattern appended to the data bits before transmission?

    1. A.

      11

    2. B.

      101

    3. C.

      0

    4. D.

      100

    Question 2 · Computer Networks · 2026_Set2 NAT
    It is necessary to design a link-layer protocol between two hosts that are directly connected over a lossless link of length 3000 kilometers. Assume that the link bandwidth is bits per second and that the propagation delay in the link is 5 nanoseconds per meter. Every transmitted data byte is assigned a unique sequence number.

    Let be the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number field in the protocol header such that

        i.    the sequence numbers do not wrap around before 60 seconds, and
       ii.    the maximum utilization of the link is achieved.

    The value of is ______. (answer in integer)
    Question 3 · Computer Networks · 2026_Set1 MCQ

    Consider the implementation of sliding window protocol over a lossless link, with a window size of frames, where each frame is of size 1000 bits (including header). The bandwidth of the link is 100 kbps () and the one-way propagation delay is 100 milliseconds. Assume that processing times at the sender and receiver are zero and the transmission time of acknowledgements is also zero. Which one of the following options gives the minimum size of (in number of frames) required to achieve 100% link utilization?

    1. A.

      10

    2. B.

      21

    3. C.

      20

    4. D.

      11

    Question 4 · Computer Networks · 2025_Set2 MCQ
    Suppose we are transmitting frames between two nodes using Stop-and-Wait protocol. The frame size is 3000 bits. The transmission rate of the channel is 2000 bps (bits/second) and the propagation delay between the two nodes is 100 milliseconds. Assume that the processing times at the source and destination are negligible. Also, assume that the size of the acknowledgement packet is negligible.

    Which ONE of the following most accurately gives the channel utilization for the above scenario in percentage?
    1. A.

      88.23

    2. B.

      93.75

    3. C.

      85.44

    4. D.

      66.67

    Question 5 · Computer Networks · 2025_Set2 MCQ
    Consider the following statements:

    (i) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides a mapping from an IP address to the corresponding hardware (link-layer) address.
    (ii) A single TCP segment from a sender S to a receiver R cannot carry both data from S to R and acknowledgement for a segment from R to S.

    Which ONE of the following is CORRECT?
    1. A.

      Both (i) and (ii) are TRUE

    2. B.

      (i) is TRUE and (ii) is FALSE

    3. C.

      (i) is FALSE and (ii) is TRUE

    4. D.

      Both (i) and (ii) are FALSE

    Question 6 · Computer Networks · 2025_Set1 MCQ
    Identify the ONE CORRECT matching between the OSI layers and their corresponding functionalities as shown.

    OSI Layers                      Functionalities
    (a) Network layer            (I) Packet routing
    (b) Transport layer          (II) Framing and error handling
    (c) Datalink layer            (III) Host to host communication
    1. A.

      (a)-(I), (b)-(II), (c)-(III)

    2. B.

      (a)-(I), (b)-(III), (c)-(II)

    3. C.

      (a)-(II), (b)-(I), (c)-(III)

    4. D.

      (a)-(III), (b)-(II), (c)-(I)

    Question 7 · Computer Networks · 2025_Set1 NAT

    Suppose a 5-bit message is transmitted from a source to a destination through a noisy channel. The probability that a bit of the message gets flipped during transmission is 0.01. Flipping of each bit is independent of one another. The probability that the message is delivered error-free to the destination is ______. (rounded off to three decimal places)

    Question 8 · Computer Networks · 2024_Set2 NAT

    Consider an Ethernet segment with a transmission speed of bits/sec and a maximum segment length of 500 meters. If the speed of propagation of the signal in the medium is meters/sec, then the minimum frame size <i>(in bits)</i> required for collision detection is __________

    Question 9 · Computer Networks · 2024_Set2 MSQ
    Node X has a TCP connection open to node Y. The packets from X to Y go through an intermediate IP router R. Ethernet switch S is the first switch on the network path between X and R. Consider a packet sent from X to Y over this connection.

    Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the destination IP and MAC addresses on this packet at the time it leaves X?
    1. A.

      The destination IP address is the IP address of R

    2. B.

      The destination IP address is the IP address of Y

    3. C.

      The destination MAC address is the MAC address of S

    4. D.

      The destination MAC address is the MAC address of Y

    Question 10 · Computer Networks · 2023 MCQ

    Suppose two hosts are connected by a point-to-point link and they are configured to use Stop-and-Wait protocol for reliable data transfer. Identify in which one of the following scenarios, the utilization of the link is the lowest.

    1. A.

      Longer link length and lower transmission rate

    2. B.

      Longer link length and higher transmission rate

    3. C.

      Shorter link length and lower transmission rate

    4. D.

      Shorter link length and higher transmission rate

    More previous year questions (pyqs) in this unit