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    Transactions, Concurrency Control and Recovery Practice Questions for GATE CS

    Solve 0+ Transactions, Concurrency Control and Recovery practice questions for GATE CS with answers and detailed solutions. Free sample questions below.

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    Transactions, Concurrency Control and Recovery Practice Questions for GATE CS

    Solve 0+ Transactions, Concurrency Control and Recovery practice questions for GATE CS with answers and detailed solutions. Free sample questions below.

    Chapter Roadmap: Transactions, Concurrency, and Recovery

    1
    ACID Properties and Concurrency Anomalies
    The foundation. Defines the rules of reliability and the specific logical errors that occur when concurrent transactions interfere.
    2
    Conflict Serializability and Schedule Equivalence
    The mathematical test. How to prove that an interleaved execution is logically equivalent to a safe, serial execution.
    3
    Recoverability, Cascading Rollback, and Crash Recovery
    Handling failures. Ensuring that aborted transactions do not corrupt committed ones, and the database can restart cleanly.
    4
    Two-Phase Locking and Lock-Based Concurrency Control
    The practical protocol. The actual mechanism databases use to guarantee serializability and prevent anomalies in real time.

    The Transaction: A Logical Unit of Work

    A transaction is a logical unit of work that contains one or more database operations (reads and writes).

    From the system's perspective, it is a sequence of low-level operations. From the user's perspective, it is a single, indivisible action.

    Core Principle

    A transaction must transition the database from one consistent state to another consistent state. It is the fundamental boundary for enforcing reliability, concurrency control, and recovery.

    Example: A funds transfer is one transaction. It involves:

    1. Read balance of Account A.
    2. Subtract amount from Account A.
    3. Write new balance to Account A.
    4. Read balance of Account B.
    5. Add amount to Account B.
    6. Write new balance to Account B.

    If any step fails, the entire transaction is treated as if it never happened.

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